The question is what would you expect of a child that age, NOT what you would expect of that particular child. Lord Guest, while not attaching undue importance to the precise phraseology, asked himself whether Norsildmel knew that it was likely that it would be fed to mink ([1972] AC 441, 477 E G), while Viscount Dilhorne held that Christopher Hill had to show that Norsildmel 'should reasonably have contemplated when the contract was made that mink was a type of animal to which it was not unlikely that herring meal would be fed ([1972] AC 441, 487 B). For the reasons which we have given we consider that the Court of Appeal erred in law in making their assessment of the evidence and hence in the conclusions which they drew from it in respect of the requirements of section 16(a). If it is at the end of a clause, it . They must make sure that the treatment is not HARMFUL by checking orthodox research. Get 1 point on adding a valid citation to this judgment. 11. 16(a) [para. Hamilton v Papakura District Council (New Zealand) [2002] UKPC 9 is a cited case in New Zealand regarding liability under tort for negligence under Rylands v Fletcher. It follows that their Lordships agree with the courts below that the claims in negligence against the two defendants cannot be sustained. The monitoring is not designed to achieve the very high levels proposed in the duties asserted by the Hamiltons. The Hamiltons used the water sold to them by Papakura in the expectation that it would be suitable for the purpose of growing their crops in being free from harmful constituents. Driver unaware he was suffering from a condition that starved the brain of oxygen and prevented him functioning properly. Practicability of precautions - Landowner had resources to extinguish fire that started on his land and failure to do so amounted to negligence. Les avis ne sont pas valids, mais Google recherche et supprime les faux contenus lorsqu'ils sont identifis. Torts - Topic 60 vLex Canada is offered in partnership with: Liability of municipalities - Negligence - Re water supply - [See, Negligence - Duty of care - General principles - Scope of duty - [See, Negligence - Duty of care - Duty to warn - [See, Nuisance - General principles and definitions - Actionable nuisance - What constitutes - [See, Nuisance - Water pollution - General - [See, Request a trial to view additional results, Phillip v. Whitecourt General Hospital et al., (2004) 359 A.R. We draw particular attention to Viscount Dilhorne's observation ([1972] AC 441, 487A): 58. They are satisfied, if the reliance is a matter of reasonable inference to the seller and to the Court . The Court referred to its conclusion that the High Court was correct in deciding that the damage complained of was not reasonably foreseeable as required to establish liability in negligence. Manchester Liners Ltd. v. Rea Ltd., [1922] 2 A.C. 74, refd to. The consequence was the damage to the tomatoes. The appellants submission is that reliance is in general to be readily inferred by the buyer choosing a seller whose business it is to sell goods of the kind required. So no question of reliance ever arose. An alternative to lists of cases, the Precedent Map makes it easier to establish which ones may be of most relevance to your research and prioritise further reading. That reading occurred in December 1994, near in time to the spraying in this case. Conditions and warranties - Implied or statutory terms as to quality or fitness - Fitness or suitability of goods - The Hamiltons sued the Papakura District Council (the town) for breach of contract, claiming that their cherry tomato crops were damaged by hormone herbicides which were present in the town water supply - The Hamiltons based their claim against the town on s. 16(a) of the Sale of Goods Act (i.e., the Hamiltons alleged that the town breached an implied term in its contract for the supply of water suitable for horticultural use) - The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council affirmed the dismissal of the Hamiltons' claim, where the Hamiltons failed to show that the town knew that the Hamiltons were relying on the town's skill and judgment in ensuring that the bulk water supply would be reasonably fit for the particular purpose - See paragraphs 9 to 26. Burnie Port Authority v. General Jones Pty. Kellogg, Brown & Root Services, Inc. v. Secretary of the Army, 973 F.3d 1366, 1370-71 (Fed. They had agreed to supply coal for the plaintiffs vessel, the Manchester Importer, at a time when coal supplies were controlled. 1. Children. Paid for and authorized by Vote for Hamilton The question of negligence is for the COURTS to decide, NOT for the profession in question. Test. The water authority had put in the water supply herbicides which damaged the crops they sought to grow, and which were watered from the supply. Watercare's monitoring was also carried out in accordance with the Drinking Water Standards. H Hamilton v Papakura District Council Hart v O'Connor J Jennings v Buchanan L Lange v Atkinson Lee v Lee's Air Farming Ltd M Meridian Global Funds Management Asia Ltd v Securities Commission Money v Ven-Lu-Ree Ltd N NZ Shipping Co Ltd v A M Satterthwaite & Co Ltd Neylon v Dickens P Pratt Contractors Ltd v Transit New Zealand D V to: ataahua ratio and justin generis senior partners at quid pro quo and associates from: diane vidallon re: insatiable insects to succeed under the ruling By clicking on this tab, you are expressly stating that you were one of the attorneys appearing in this matter. 66. Compliance to statutory standards - general principle that if a statute applies, and the defendant complies with the required conduct, this is RELEVANT but NOT decisive in determining liability in negligence. technology developed exclusively by vLex editorially enriches legal information to make it accessible, with instant translation into 14 languages for enhanced discoverability and comparative research. Nuisance - Water pollution - General - [See Great Britain. How convincing is this evidence? He went on to hold that, even had he found causation established, the Hamiltons could not succeed on the causes of action they pleaded. Hamilton v. Papakura District Council et al. ]. [para. IMPORTANT:This site reports and summarizes cases. Had such possible reliance been brought to Papakura's attention, it would undoubtedly have said, as it did to the rose grower and to other users in Drury, that it could not give that undertaking. Watercare's contractors had sprayed gorse with Grazon in part of the catchment area for the lake from which the town water supply was taken. Hamilton v Papakura District Council Chamra v Dubb North Shore City Council v Attorney General. 48. Papakura distributes its water to more than 38,000 people in its district. Marriage is sacred. If a footnote is at the end of a sentence, the footnote number follows the full stop. Try Combster now! Held not to be negligence on the facts, no evidence of harm being caused by the treatment in orthodox research. 2020). 163 (PC), G.J. According to the Earth Policy Institute (July 2014), 65%65 \%65% of the world's solar energy cells are manufactured in China. Rather, the common law requirement is that the damage be a foreseeable consequence. The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, Lord Hutton and Lord Rodger of Earlsferry, dissenting, dismissed the appeal. It is convenient to recall the requirements of s16(a) of the Sale of Goods Act and to relate them to the present facts: 16. The Hamiltons must also show that Papakura knew of their reliance. The relevant current statute is the Local Government Act. Cited Rylands v Fletcher HL 1868 The defendant had constructed a reservoir to supply water to his mill. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks. This paper outlines the categories of potential legal liability at common law, and in statute. p(x)=(5!)(.65)x(.35)5x(x! Hamilton v Papakura District Council. Indeed, as Watercare points out, tests done by a Crown Research Institute, AgResearch, suggested that very low levels of herbicides can promote plant growth. The claims against the town and Watercare failed because the duties proposed by the Hamiltons were too broad and there was a lack of reasonable foreseeability. Proof of negligence - New Zealand. Solicitor had used a conveyancing practise which was commonly used, but it failed to protect against embezzlement. 2), [1967] 1 A.C. 617 (P.C. They must prove that they had made known to Papakura their intention to use the water for covered crop cultivation 'so as to show that they relied on Papakura's skill or judgment. Billy Higgs & Sons Ltd v Baddeley Hamilton and M.P. Tackle in soccer game held to be negligent. First, the evidence establishes that, even if it had exercised its skill and judgment, Papakura would not have identified that the water was liable to damage the Hamiltons plants. If a footnote is at the end of a sentence, the footnote number follows the full stop. )(5-x) !}p(x)=(x!)(5x)!(5! Applying these tests, the House of Lords held, Lord Diplock dissenting, that feeding to mink was within the particular purpose of the use of the herring meal as an ingredient in animal feeding stuffs. 63]. Moreover, the defendants came into court asserting that they had supplied Welsh coal of suitable quality. Hydroponic tomato growers complained about impurity in water. 39]. 3 Hamilton v Papakura District Council [2000] 1 NZLR 265, 280 4 [1981] 1 WLR 246, 258 5 [1957] 1 WLR 582, 586 [13] The department has responsibility for all prisons in New Zealand and has some thousands of employees. Social value - Successful action against police, where police pursuit resulted in a crash. Car ran out of control and killed two pedestrians. Mental disability - NZ. 4. 62. 2. Held, council NOT liable. Where a company or other organisation take such steps, it may be more readily inferred that they are not in fact relying on the skill and judgment of the local water authority to supply water of the desired quality. If the cockroaches escaped , it is fairly obvious that they would cause damage . The subcontractor's fixed-price invoice evidences the actual cost to HPC of replacing the pad. See Bruce Construction Corp. v. United States, 324 F.2d 516, 518 (Ct. Cl. CREATING SAFER COMMUNITIES FOR ALL VIRGINIANS. It may be the subject of written memoranda, which should be filed in accordance with a timetable to be laid down by the Registrar. Negligence - Duty of care - General principles - Scope of duty - [See Water supply in the wider Auckland area then became the responsibility of the Auckland Regional Council which, in 1992, established Watercare and transferred its water and waste water undertaking to it. Rebuilding After the COVID-19 PANDEMIC. 32. Why is this claim significant? What is meant by the claim that memory is reconstructive? Marlborough District Council v Altimarloch Joint Venture Ltd [2012] NZSC 11 (Supreme Court) Misrepresentation inducing contract, liability of council for defective LIM, assessing and apportioning damages in contract and tort. The cases linked on your profile facilitate Casemine's artificial intelligence engine in recommending you to potential clients who might be interested in availing your services for similar matters. Employer had insufficient resources to cover floor with sawdust. 265, refd to. Although the decision in Hamilton v Papakura District Councilruled that no liability exists where it is not possible to foresee the type of damage caused, this case is clearly distinguished for the above reason. Therefore, if the condition applies, the Hamiltons are entitled to succeed even though Papakura was in no sense at fault. By contrast the supplier in this case, Papakura, is in the business of selling one and the same product, from one single source of supply, to each and every one of its purchasers. Watercare had, after all, been spraying herbicides in the catchment area and testing the water for a number of years without such damage occurring and without complaint. Autex Industries Ltd v Auckland City Council. 63. [para. However, the Court continued, that proposition did not avoid, indeed it emphasised the importance of, the statutory requirement that the particular purpose be made known by the buyer to the seller. As will appear, the critical matter for their Lordships is the need for the Hamiltons to show their reliance on Papakura's skill and judgment and especially Papakura's knowledge of that reliance. He drove into plaintiff's shop. [para. Torts - Topic 60 The simple fact is that it did not undertake that liability. On the basis of the premise it had stated about the probability of damage, the Court rejected each of the Hamiltons causes of action. System caused flooding. The Court of Appeal, citing Ashington Piggeries Ltd v Christopher Hill Ltd [1972] AC 441, stated that [it] is, of course, clear that if the reliance of the Hamiltons was communicated to [Papakura] it would not be open to it to deny liability on the ground of ignorance of the precise level of contamination at which the damage would be caused . 3.3.4Hamilton v Papakura District Council [2000] 1 NZLR 265 3.3.5Transco PLC v Stockport MBC [2004] 2 AC 1 4Defamation 4.1Statutes 4.2Cases 5Privacy 6Vicarious Liability 6.1See also Accident Compensation[edit| edit source] Statutes[edit| edit source] Injury Prevention Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 2001[edit| edit source] The first challenge is to the Court's statement at the outset of its discussion of this cause of action that cherry tomatoes grown hydroponically in glasshouses (the situation here) are significantly more sensitive than other varieties and those grown outside or in soil. Hamilton v. Papakura District Council (2002), 295 N.R. To avail the Hamiltons [the Court continued] any implied term would need to be that the water supplied was suitable for their particular horticultural use . Standard of care expected of children. The buyer in Ashington Piggeries selected the seller; and the particular purpose (that the food was to be used for feeding mink) was communicated to the seller as was the fact that the expertise of the compounders was to be relied on not to provide food which was toxic to mink. We Can Count On Philip Hamilton To Stand with Us Every Step of the Way. 12 year old threw a metal dart, and accidentally hit girl in eye. For this aspect of their case the Hamiltons rely on the decision of the House of Lords in Ashington Piggeries Ltd v Christopher Hill Ltd [1972] AC 441. Tom Hamilton Democrat, Ward 6 Candidate for Ward 6 DC Councilmember Special Election: April 29, 1997. Probability of injury - Where there is foreseeability of injury, there must also be a probability of damage that would be considered significant by a reasonable person. ), refd to. No negligence. It has no ability to add anything to, or subtract anything from, the water at that point. Hamilton v Papakura District Council and Watercare Services Ltd: PC 28 Feb 2002 (New Zealand) The claimants sought damages. Question of foreseeability. The appellants emphasise that only one percent of water is ingested by humans and question why the other 99% should not be subject to any standard. 42. Nature of Proximity authority . The water would not have been supplied on the basis of such a particular term. Torts - Topic 2004 Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Thus , the defendant was not held liable for the damage . The plants were particularly sensitive to such chemicals. Their Lordships accordingly do not find it necessary to discuss other possible answers to this head of liability presented by Watercare or the issues about the relationship between liability in negligence, nuisance and Rylands v Fletcher considered in the House of Lords in Cambridge Water Company v Eastern Counties Leather Plc [1994] 2 AC 264, in the High Court of Australia in Burnie Port Authority v General Jones Pty Ltd (1994) 179 CLR 520 and by two Judges of the New Zealand Court of Appeal in Autex Industries Ltd v Auckland City Council [2000] NZAR 324. How is a sensory register different from short-term memory? The Court of Appeal also quoted that passage, slightly more fully, as follows: 21. There is no suggestion of any breach of those Standards or indeed of any statutory requirements. 59. The Hamiltons appealed. The Court of Appeal considered that the Ashington Piggeries case was distinguishable in principle, emphasising the importance of the particular facts, a matter to which it also referred in relation to other cases cited for the Hamiltons. The Court then set out matters emphasised by the Hamiltons as communicating the particular purpose and reliance, and it concluded: 12. ), refd to. Before confirming, please ensure that you have thoroughly read and verified the judgment. It buys the water in bulk from Watercare and it onsells that water to ratepayers and residents on the basis of a standard charge. The mere fact that certain herbicides may kill or damage certain plants at certain concentrations does not itself establish such a risk. As the Board made clear in Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Miller Steamship Co Pty (Wagon Mound No 2) [1967] 1 AC 617, 643, damage is foreseeable only when there is a real risk of damage, that is one which would occur to the mind of a reasonable person in the position of the defendant and one which he would not brush aside as far fetched. The legislation in terms of which the respondents supply the water is part of the context in which all of the Hamiltons claims, and in particular those in negligence, are to be seen. 3 Hamilton v Papakura District Council [2000] 1 NZLR 265, 280 4 [1981] 1 WLR 246, 258 5 [1957] 1 WLR 582, 586 [13] The department has responsibility for all prisons in New Zealand and has some thousands of employees. Hamilton and M.P. Escapes swarb.co.uk is published by David Swarbrick of 10 Halifax Road, Brighouse, West Yorkshire, HD6 2AG. Matthews sued Bullocks, inter alia on the basis of section 16(a). The Hamiltons also sued the company that supplied the water to the town (Watercare), claiming negligence and nuisance. Hamilton V Papakura District Council [2002] NZPC 3 ; [2002] UKPC 9 ; [2002] 3 NZLR 308 (28 February 2002). Held, no negligence. They sued for damages for breach of the condition in section 14(1) of the Sale of Goods Act 1893. Learn. 3. (There was some question whether the 1984 rather than the 1995 Standards were applicable. In particular they held ([2000] 1 NZLR 265, 277, paras 50 and 51): 61. Hill (Christopher) Ltd. v. Ashington Piggeries Ltd.; Hill (Christopher) Ltd. v. Norsildmel, [1972] A.C. 441 (H.L. As indicated there, s16(a) (s14(1) of the UK Act) imposes strict liability on the seller if its conditions are satisfied. Held: There was reliance as to the suitability of the ingredients only.Lord Diplock said: Unless the Sale of Goods Act 1893 is to be allowed . Subscribers are able to see a visualisation of a case and its relationships to other cases. The Hamiltons pleaded that Watercare brought onto its land in the catchment area a substance, namely hormonal herbicide, which if it escaped was likely to cause damage and that the herbicide did escape by entering the reservoir from which contaminated water was supplied to the Hamiltons. Judicial Committee of the Privy Council ]. Hamilton v Papakura District Council . 49]. But not if the incapacity inflicts itself suddenly. Hamilton v Papakura District Council [2002] UKPC 9 is a cited case in New Zealand regarding liabililty under tort for negligence under Rylands v Fletcher. Giving the opinion of the court, Thomas J explained: 65. 301 (H.L. The Hamiltons did not have the necessary knowledge about the purity of Papakura's water supply or about the various factors which might affect it. Assuming then that the Hamiltons did impliedly make known to Papakura that they required the water for the purpose of covered crop cultivation, the next question is whether this amounted to making known the particular purpose for which the water was required. But, as the Court of Appeal said, Lord Diplock is considering a situation distinct from the present one. Standard of care in medical profession - Doctor was not negligent if he followed a common practice accepted as proper by a reasonable body of medical men (since overturned in Bolitho). 46. The extraordinarily broad scope of the proposed duty provides one decisive reason for rejecting the claims in negligence. Tauranga Electric Power Board v Karora Kohu. Defendants were not liable for driving a lorry with a negligently fastened jack to an emergency callout, when the jack moved and hit the plaintiff. (Wagon Mound No. Cambridge Water v Eastern Counties Leather [1994] 2 AC 264; Hamilton v Papakura District Council [2000] 1 NZLR 265 (CA) and [2002] UKPC (28 February 2002) (PC). 67. 63]. Common practise of a trade is highly influential, but not decisive. Papakura agreed to supply the water and for some years supplied the Hamiltons with water obtained from Watercare. Subscribers can access the reported version of this case. 520 (Aust. (New Zealand) The claimants sought damages. Lord Nicholls of Birkenhead, Lord Hutton, Lord Rodger of Earlsferry, Sir Andrew Leggatt and Sir Kenneth Keith. While that conclusion supported the Hamiltons claim, the next, critical sentence and two supporting paragraphs did not: 13. If the duty is put in terms of all uses, even all uses known to Papakura, the duty would be extraordinarily broad. Social value - saving life or limb can justify taking a significant risk. Click here to remove this judgment from your profile. Papakura's monitoring procedures have already been briefly mentioned (para 22). Hamilton and target=_n>PC, Bailii, PC. [para. Watercare in its statement of defence responded that the bulk water which it supplied to Papakura was potable and complied with the 1995 Standards. In the event that is of no consequence for the resolution of the appeal.). Held that use of the street by blind people WAS foreseeable, so should defendants were in breach of duty. 61]. Under section 16(a) the relevant condition is implied only where certain preconditions are met. Explain the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Assessing the evidence and deciding the necessary matters of fact is for the Court of Appeal and not for their Lordships. Created by. 36. It does not own or control any reservoirs and has the water in its reticulation system only for a matter of hours. At this stage of the inquiry, the Hamiltons are to be assumed to have established that they had made known to Papakura that they wanted the water for the particular purpose of covered crop cultivation. It necessarily has some characteristics in common The Court continued: 33. Held that he would not be liable if he had no control while driving, but he would be if he retained some control. [para. change. Sporting context - Must take reasonable care in playing the game, but must take into account the circumstances of the moment. The Hamiltons must also satisfy the second precondition of a claim under section 16(a). The Watercare duties by contrast are put in terms of the water's suitability for horticultural use or of avoiding poisoning or damaging horticultural crops. 53. Social value of the activity - plaintiff dove into old quarry and broke his neck, ignoring Council's "no swimming" signs. In case of any confusion, feel free to reach out to us.Leave your message here. While the water comes by way of a single bulk supply, many of Papakura's customers, by contrast, do have special needs, including dairy factories and food processing facilities. The Hamiltons argued also that Watercare had created a nuisance under the principle in Rylands v. Fletcher. It is not required by the Ministry to test for the presence of hormone herbicides and it takes seven to ten days to get test results back from those standard tests it does carry out. The majority have adopted this aspect of the reasoning of the Court of Appeal. Enhance your digital presence and reach by creating a Casemine profile. ]. Secondly, on one view this could seem unduly severe on Papakura. Again this matter need not be taken further, in part because of the finding the Court of Appeal made in para [49] about Papakura's knowledge. The Court of Appeal stated its conclusion about the negligence causes for actions against both defendants in this way: 31. 18. Held: The defendant . It explains the common law rights of "natural servitude", and illustrates this with case law examples. Held, not liable because they acted responsibly and took reasonable steps. Interact directly with CaseMine users looking for advocates in your area of specialization. ), refd to. Terms in this set (23) 6 elements. 324, refd to. Gravity of risk - special risk to plaintiff should be taken into account if the defendant KNOWS about it. The Hamiltons would have known this. Professionals have a duty to take care, not a duty to always be right. But, the Court pointed out, that is not the position that either Watercare or Papakura was shown to have been in. Subjective test. Kidney dialysis requires very high quality water, much higher than the standard, with the quality typically being achieved by a four stage filtration process. Indeed to this day Papakura maintains in its defence to this action that the water was entirely suitable for that purpose. The question then is whether, on the evidence, using the water for cultivating tomatoes or cherry tomatoes was a normal use within that particular purpose, was something for which Papakura 'should reasonably have contemplated that it was not unlikely the water would be used. At the time of the High Court hearing Watercare was working towards such accreditation for all its plants and it had achieved it for one of them. The grades are A1, A, B, C, D and E. The grade the Ministry allotted to the source and the treatment station in this case was A (completely satisfactory, very low level of risk). Before making any decision, you must read the full case report and take professional advice as appropriate. Subscribers are able to see any amendments made to the case. Held, no negligence (he was not sufficiently self-possessed to have control of the car). 6. Facts: The water authority had put in the water supply herbicides which damaged the crops they sought to grow, and which were watered from the supply. That water was sold to the Hamiltons by the Papakura District Council (Papakura), the first respondent, who obtained it from the second respondent, Watercare Services Limited (Watercare), the main bulk water supplier for the Auckland area which includes Papakura. Norsildmel were, accordingly, held liable to Christopher Hill for breach of the warranty in section 14(1). Held, the police were negligent in providing this officer with a gun, as there was evidence of his instability. 23. Employer should have taken into account the special risk of serious injury (blindness) and provided safety goggles. Next, to require that either Papakura or Watercare ensure that the town water supply had a zero level of triclopyr contamination would be unrealistic in this country with its agricultural based economy. Subscribers are able to see the list of results connected to your document through the topics and citations Vincent found. Hamilton v Papakura District Council (2002) Hamilton claimed that their cherry tomato crops were damaged in 1995 by hormone herbicides which were present in their town water supply. [para. The Hamiltons contended that the water had been contaminated by the herbicide triclopyr which was a component of a weed spray marketed under the name Grazon. A lawyer may be liable for breach of duty if you can prove that they did not act as a reasonable barrister would have (concerned the acceptance of a settlement). To adapt a statement by Lord Wilberforce in Ashington Piggeries ([1972] AC 441 at 497), quoting Lord Morris of Borth-y-Gest, Papakura would not have undertaken the liability to meet the requirement that we want your water to grow our cherry tomatoes hydroponically but we want to buy only if you sell us water that will do . Cir. 1963). Parcourez la librairie en ligne la plus vaste au monde et commencez ds aujourd'hui votre lecture sur le Web, votre tablette, votre tlphone ou un lecteur d'e-books. 216, footnote 141]. Tel: 0795 457 9992, or email david@swarb.co.uk, Adelekun v Revenue and Customs (VAT): UTTC 7 Aug 2020, Uttley, Regina (on the Application of) v Secretary of State for the Home Department: HL 30 Jul 2004, Christopher Hill Ltd v Ashington Piggeries Ltd, British Airways Plc v British Airline Pilots Association: QBD 23 Jul 2019, Wright v Troy Lucas (A Firm) and Another: QBD 15 Mar 2019, Hayes v Revenue and Customs (Income Tax Loan Interest Relief Disallowed): FTTTx 23 Jun 2020, Ashbolt and Another v Revenue and Customs and Another: Admn 18 Jun 2020, Indian Deluxe Ltd v Revenue and Customs (Income Tax/Corporation Tax : Other): FTTTx 5 Jun 2020, Productivity-Quality Systems Inc v Cybermetrics Corporation and Another: QBD 27 Sep 2019, Thitchener and Another v Vantage Capital Markets Llp: QBD 21 Jun 2019, McCarthy v Revenue and Customs (High Income Child Benefit Charge Penalty): FTTTx 8 Apr 2020, HU206722018 and HU196862018: AIT 17 Mar 2020, Parker v Chief Constable of the Hampshire Constabulary: CA 25 Jun 1999, Christofi v Barclays Bank Plc: CA 28 Jun 1999, Demite Limited v Protec Health Limited; Dayman and Gilbert: CA 24 Jun 1999, Demirkaya v Secretary of State for Home Department: CA 23 Jun 1999, Aravco Ltd and Others, Regina (on the application of) v Airport Co-Ordination Ltd: CA 23 Jun 1999, Manchester City Council v Ingram: CA 25 Jun 1999, London Underground Limited v Noel: CA 29 Jun 1999, Shanley v Mersey Docks and Harbour Company General Vargos Shipping Inc: CA 28 Jun 1999, Warsame and Warsame v London Borough of Hounslow: CA 25 Jun 1999, Millington v Secretary of State for Environment Transport and Regions v Shrewsbury and Atcham Borough Council: CA 25 Jun 1999, Chilton v Surrey County Council and Foakes (T/A R F Mechanical Services): CA 24 Jun 1999, Oliver v Calderdale Metropolitan Borough Council: CA 23 Jun 1999, Regina v Her Majestys Coroner for Northumberland ex parte Jacobs: CA 22 Jun 1999, Sheriff v Klyne Tugs (Lowestoft) Ltd: CA 24 Jun 1999, Starke and another (Executors of Brown decd) v Inland Revenue Commissioners: CA 23 May 1995, South and District Finance Plc v Barnes Etc: CA 15 May 1995, Gan Insurance Company Limited and Another v Tai Ping Insurance Company Limited: CA 28 May 1999, Thorn EMI Plc v Customs and Excise Commissioners: CA 5 Jun 1995, London Borough of Bromley v Morritt: CA 21 Jun 1999, Kuwait Oil Tanker Company Sak; Sitka Shipping Incorporated v Al Bader;Qabazard; Stafford and H Clarkson and Company Limited; Mccoy; Kuwait Petroleum Corporation and Others: CA 28 May 1999, Worby, Worby and Worby v Rosser: CA 28 May 1999, Bajwa v British Airways plc; Whitehouse v Smith; Wilson v Mid Glamorgan Council and Sheppard: CA 28 May 1999. 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