After receiving word of the Lexington Alarm on the afternoon of April 19, 1775 a total of 92 men marched to Cambridge before dawn the following day. This move would not have been without risks of its own, as the colonists could have made holding the Neck expensive with fire from the high ground in Cambridge. The "Minuteman III" LGM-30G remains in service. Thomas was first lieutenant of Capt. About 700British Armyregulars, underLieutenant ColonelFrancis Smith, were given secret orders to capture and destroy military supplies that were reportedly stored by the Massachusettsmilitiaat Concord. Roll sworn to at Rehoboth. April 15, 2023 Tower Park Battle Reenactment, Lexington, MA - 3pm gather Monroe Tavern, 4pm battle at Tower Park April 16, 2023 Paul Revere's Ride - Hancock Clark House, Lexington MA April 17, 2023 PATRIOTS' DAY Contact the Adjutant for more details or to hire the Minute Men for your venue or event. The most prevalent stories around Lexington and Concord is that of the Minutemen. If one visits Lexington and Concord today they will not only come across monuments to the Minutemen but also the National Park that commemorates the actions of April 19, 1775, is called Minute Man National Historical Park. He was in the Battle of Bunker Hill. Thomas COLEMANsgrandsonLt.Dudley Tyler (1739 Rowley . Hancock and Adams stopped at the AMOS WYMAN house not Francis Wyman. LMM Officers and NCOs Militiamen knew the local countryside and were familiar with "skulking" or "Indian warfare". Edward HAZEN IIsgrandson Samuel Hazen (1740 Groton 1815 Shirley). Upon returning to Lexington, Smiths expedition was rescued by reinforcements underBrigadier GeneralHugh Percy. Their companies were still organized by town, and so it was very common for their counterpart militia company to contain relatives and friends. Likewise, albeit a little later, British authorities took dispositions from their soldiers as well. A muster Roll of Capt. Jacob in a distance of more than 200-miles brought him home to Groton, MA on a litter (made by fitting the butt end of small trees to the stirrups of a saddle and covered with a sack of hay). Congress expected states to furnish levies as well to supplement the Continental ranks. The Minute Men and Their World. [7] These minutemen were to comprise one-quarter of the whole militia, to be enlisted under the direction of the field-officers, and divide into companies, consisting of at least 50 men each. 13 Nov 1777 Company deteached from militia to guard Lieut. Reuben Dow. ; list of men serving in the 10th campaign, known as the quarter or three months campaign at Howlands Ferry in 1776 and 1777. The British column moved on towards Concord, leaving the dead, wounded, and dying in their wake. [18] There were still some cases where men in the Minuteman companies had to be provided arms. The British leadership was slow to act once the works on Breeds Hill were spotted. When the British troops entered Lexington on the morning of April 19, they found about 80 minutemen formed up on the village common. Also, Capt. Feb 1778 On Command at Fishkill . Many Minutemen company commanders put their men through more training separate from the rest of the militia. Don't fire unless fired upon. Much of the sickness was traceable to unhealthy sanitation and poor personal hygiene. Joseph Read (March 6, 1732 September 22, 1801) was a soldier and a Colonel in the American Revolutionary War. Lexington, where today a monument to the Minutemen sits on the Battle Green, never created a Minuteman company. The most likely idea would be that originally the phrase referred to and not the Battle of Lexington. He was among the 31 medical men who rendered service at the battle of Bunker Hill. When Captain Parker assembled his small army near Lexington, he realized they were too small to take on the British force. Richardsons co. of No. As much as Washington attempted to create a professional army, short term enlistments and lack of support from Congress which included untimely pay and lack of supplies among other issues hindered the performance of the army. Baloom,Elijah.Private, Capt. The Battle of Fort Anne, fought on July 8, 1777, was an engagement between Continental Army forces in retreat from Fort Ticonderoga and forward elements of John Burgoynes much larger British army that had driven them from Ticonderoga, early in the Saratoga campaign of the American Revolutionary War. One of the most significant changes were the terms of service. 12 Attleborough who served in the 1st campaign, known as the 8 months campaign. Thayers co., Col. John Fellowss regt. Served under Capt. Samuel Adams and John Hancock spent the night of April 19, 1775 with the Wymans. On May 25, three Generals arrived onHMSCerberus:William Howe,John Burgoyne, andHenry Clinton. This regiment reach ed Cambridge the morning of battle ofBunker Hill17 Jun 1775 and although not yet mustered into service, it volunteered to go into action. Diana, with a company of Royal Marines, to intercept the colonials. Jospeh BALCOMssonElijah Balcom (1752 Attleboro 1796 Attleboro). As a precaution, these items were often hidden or left behind by minutemen in fields or wooded areas. minuteman, in U.S. history, an American Revolution militiaman who agreed to be ready for military duty "at a minute's warning." The first minutemen were organized in Worcester county, Massachusetts, in September 1774, when revolutionary leaders sought to eliminate Tories from the old militia by requiring the resignation of all officers and reconstituting the men into seven regiments with . Some returned home, many were signed on in other units, and some were discharged with pensions due to wounds. William Prescott (1726 1795) was an American colonel in the Revolutionary War who commanded the rebel forces in the Battle of Bunker Hill. Paul Reveres job, along with William Dawes, was to warn certain predetermined men so that the patriot militia could prepare for the British troops marching to Concord. By the next morning, Boston was surrounded by a huge militia army, numbering over 15,000, which had marched from throughout New England I'm also including our relatives who enlisted in 1775. Colonel Prescott was of the opinion that the third assault would have been repulsed, had his forces in the redoubt been reinforced with either more men, or more supplies of ammunition and powder. Prescott is known for his order to his soldiers, Do not fire until you see the whites of their eyes, such that the rebel troops may shoot at the enemy at shorter ranges, and therefore more accurately and lethally, and so conserve their limited stocks of ammunition. Thomas Mighills co., Col. Loammi Baldwins (26th) regt. A British lieutenant rode ahead of his ranks, waving his sword in the air and shouting to the patriots, Lay down your arms, you damned rebels, or you are all dead men!. Ward Swifts company of militia, which marched on the Lexington Alarm, Israel HAZENsson-in-lawNehemiah Jewett (1737 in Ipswich, Mass 1815 Ipswich, Mass.). The Andover Minute Men turned southeast in pursuit. For Fawcett Comics/DC Comics character, see, Lexington-Concord Sesquicentennial half dollar, "Daniel Chester French, 18501931 - The Minute Man, 1771-1775", United States Army Center of Military History, Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness, Washington's crossing of the Delaware River, African Americans in the Revolutionary War, Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minutemen&oldid=1138002072, United States militia in the American Revolution, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2008, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2021, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from October 2016, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 7 February 2023, at 14:15. The British soldiers, probably without orders, then opened fire on the Americans. During the Revolution, Fishkill New York was the site of a large supply depot. At Cambridge, they joined the hundreds, later thousands, of militiamen who were to bottle up General Gages Regulars, until the British had to abandon Boston in March of 1776. 1775. ; service between July 1 and Dec. 31, 1775, 5 mos. Prescott and his men, using Gridleys outline, began digging a square fortification about 130 feet on a side with ditches and earthen walls. Every purchase supports the mission. The most famous minutemen were those who figured in the battles at Lexington and Concord, though minutemen militias were organized in other New England colonies as well. Washington constantly complained of the failure to clear the Encampment of filth, which included rotting carcasses of horses. If the British had taken that step, they might have had a victory with many fewer casualties. They were fought on April 19, 1775, inMiddlesex County,Province of Massachusetts Bay, within the towns ofLexington,Concord,Lincoln,Menotomy (present-day Arlington), andCambridge, nearBoston. He died 9 Feb 1811; he and his wife buried in Hollis church yard. The Convention required that all current militia officers resign; the motive being that ranking officers in the militia could be considered strong Loyalists. Edward HAZEN IIsgrandson-in-law Jacob Patch ( 1747 Groton. They had received word of Dartmouths secret instructions to General Gage from sources inLondonwell before they reached Gage himself. During the battle of Bunker Hill the 6th Massachusetts Regiment, under the command of Colonel John Nixon, was positioned in the redoubt onBreeds Hillnear Captain Jonathan Brewer and CaptainWilliam Prescottregiments. The company marched 69 strong all Hollis men, assigned to Col.William Prescott, making up roughly one-sixth of hisregiment. The Americans, while losing the battle, had again stood against the British regulars with some success, as they had successfully repelled two assaults on Breeds Hill during the engagement. Paul Revere did not ride through the countryside shouting The British are coming.. It would be remarkable for a commissioned officer to re-enlist as a privte, but some Oliver Dow served 21 days in the RI campaign, Capt. Source: A sketch of the history of Attleborough: from its settlement to the division By John Daggett 1894, Seths commanding officer, Capt. In 1777 he was first lieutenant in Capt Joseph Entons company, Colonel Samuel Johnsons regiment Aug 5 1777 to Dec 12 1777. The bell at the North Parish Meeting House was rung to sound the alarm. Not only did the Minutemen have political awareness of events in New England, but also of those occurring in Europe, such as Britain's lack of allies. 12) co., Col. Daggetts regiment. Gage responded by preparing to march to collect munitions from the provincials. 1818Groton), MILITARY MARKER Jacob Patch Corpral in Capt. Someone suddenly fired a shotit's uncertain which sideand a melee . 1 North Bridge ? By 1776, though, most minuteman units were disbanded with many of these members joining other units. 1 day. Jonas Clarke in Lexington. How the patriot leaders got word of this was guessed to have come from Margaret Kemble Gage. More militiamen arrived soon thereafter and inflicted heavy damage on the regulars as they marched back towards Boston. The depositions were ordered by the Massachusetts Provincial Congress for the purpose of establishing the claim that the British fired first. His brother John built his country house next door. On August 12, 1645, 30% of all militia were made into short-notice groups (minutemen). in Capt. The colonials in Worcester met and came up with a new militia mobilization plan in their County Convention. With a rising number of Minutemen they faced another problem: a lack of gunpowder to support an army for long enough to fight a prolonged campaign against the British. They were known for being ready at a minute's notice, hence the name. Josiah Sartells company which marched on the Alarm of 19 Apr. The Boston campaign was the opening campaign of the American Revolutionary War. Captain. John was was shot in the head at the Battle of Fort Ann near Saratoga and died instantly. (LogOut/ [4] As early as 1645 in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, some men were selected from the general ranks of town-based "training bands" to be ready for rapid deployment. [14], The British practiced formations with their weapons, focusing on marching formations on the battlefield. There were 77 militiamen at Lexington, 400 at Concord and 3,800 at the end of Battle. The rifling (grooves inside the barrel) gave it a much greater range than the smoothbore musket, although it took much longer to load. Join us July 13-16! He was a Deputy to the Connecticut General Assembly 176972. Thomas JEWELL IIIsson-in-law John Eastman (1739 in Rumford, Merrimack, New Hampshire 8 Jul 1777 in Fort Ann, Washington, New York). 1 North Bridge ? Not long after Paul Revere, William Dawes, and Samuel Prescottthe sons of libertysounded the alarm, the minutemen of Middlesex prepared for battle. Fighting ensued and one British soldier was wounded, the garrison surrendered and over the two days gunpowder, firearms and 16 cannon were captured. More attention than formerly was likewise bestowed on the training and drilling of militia.[8]. He was at Bunker Hill and 9 Jul 1776 was a 2nd Lieut under Lieut. Some work was performed on Bunker Hill, but Breeds Hill was closer to Boston and viewed as being more defensible. Ward Swifts (2nd Sandwich) co. of militia, which marched in response to the alarm. Jonathan WILMARTHs grandson John Dryer (1725 Rehoboth 1787 Rehoboth). Seth Richardson and his father-in-law Thomas French were on a Secret Mission in 1777 Source: A sketch of the history of Attleborough: from its settlement to the division By John Daggett 1894, I havent been able to unravel much about this secret expedition except thecompany marched from Taunton Sept. 29, 1777, Thomas FRENCH Jr (1722 Attleboro 1793 Attleboro). The second Company voted Mr. Stephen Perkins, Captain; Mr.Samuel Dodge, Lieutenant; Mr.David Perkins, Ensign;and all the other Officers by a great Majority. (Essex Gazette, Dec. 27, 1774.). This FREE annual event brings together educators from all over the world for sessions, lectures, and tours from leading experts. Gross, R. (1976). Many farmers who owned separate guns such as fowling pieces, and sometimes rifles (though rarer in southern New England) would use them instead of the militia muskets if the muskets they bought for their duties were old or inoperative. His story started 19 Apr 1755 as a a private in Capt. The war saw the use of militia, minutemen, and Continental forces, but ultimately it was the Continental soldiers that would secure victory and have a lasting impact on our modern military organization. Prescott owned land in Hollis and knew most of the men very well, so it must have seemed a natural choice for them to fall under his command, rather than one of the unknown Colonels from New Hampshire. Jacob Gerriahs company wich marched on the alarm to Cambridge. In the colony of Massachusetts Bay, all able-bodied men between the ages of 16 and 60 were required to participate in their local militia company. 11 days;also, company return dated Dorchester, Oct., 1775. Swifts co., Col Freemans regiment. Simon died of these wounds on Dec. 31, 1776 at his fathers home in Groton. For 50 miles around Boston, militiamen were marching in response. Shaded areas are hills. Throughought May, the British had been receiving reinforcements, until they reached a strength of about 6,000 men. There were plenty of loyalists to the crown among the colonists. Richardson, Jedediah, Attleborough. He was also in Capt. They fixed the date for taking Dorchester Heights at June 18. In 1774, when Massachusetts towns began forming militia companies, Prescott was made a colonel commanding the Pepperell company. He immediadately left his plough, ran to the house, took his gun and powder horn [the horn was in possession of Thomas L Hazen in 1897] and said to his wife Betty, you take care of the children and the cattle! Served at the Siege of Boston, Bunker Hill, and Arnolds expedition to Canada. He was a lieutenant colonel at thebattles of Lexington and Concordon April 19 1775. Peter Salem of Framingham, Job Potomea and Isaiah Barjonah of Stoneham, Cuff Whitemore of Cambridge, Prince of Brookline, and Pompey of Braintree were among the Blacks in greater Boston who joined the Minutemen before the battle of Lexington, April 19, 1775. After his freedom had been given him, Titus remained a faithful servant of the family until his death. Four men and one woman made late night rides, alerting the early Americans of what dangers lay ahead. Moses Littles company of minute-men who marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775 to Cambridge Service 5 days. My great-great grandfather Samuel Hazen Jr was at work in these acres [the southerly part of Shirley, not far from the Longley-Hazen Mill] when the alarm of the 19th of April reached him. The combined force, now of about 1,700 men, marched back to Boston under heavy fire in atactical withdrawaland eventually reached the safety ofCharlestown. Despite the modern-day perception, the vast majority of the men who responded were not minutemen, but regular militia. A more accurate representation of the Battle of Lexington by Amos Doolittle in 1775. Elijah Perry, Sergeant, Capt. For the first time in combat formation, these men moved towards battle at the North Bridge. This instigated a boycott in 1774 of British goods. Dismissed April 23, 1775. As Captain, he marched to Fort Ticonderoga and thence to Fort Edwards to join forces againstBurgoyne. Most of them re-enlisted in a new company under Captain Dow and the same Lieutenants. Seth Smiths company from New Hartford, CT. Jedediah of Attleboro marched as fifer to the Battle of Lexington against the British in 1775. On account of his disability he was continued for a short time on half pay, later reduced to quarter. He has a wide range of interests and has worked in museums and historic sites that range from the Colonial era to the Civil War era and the early 20th Century. She was General Gages wife and supported the patriots work more than she did her husbands. (from The History of Boxford). Either they and never intended it, or else, being closely pursued from Concord by their exasperated and hourly increasing Yankee foes, they thought it best to take a prudent care for their own safety, rather than to digress in their march, into the neighboring towns, in pursuit of Hancock and Adams. Men and animals often relieved themselves upstream from where water for drinking was drawn. [15], The militia prepared with elaborate plans to alarm and respond to movements by the king's forces out of Boston. Elizabeth (Pierce) Wyman, wife of Amos, is said to have fed her visitors boiled potatoes, pork and bread instead of the salmon which her guests had planned to eat at the Lexington parsonage, and Hancock is reported to have sent a cow to his hostess at a later date in appreciation of her hospitality. Col. William Prescotts Regiment fought at the Battle of Bunker Hill. Thomas sons Christopher and Thomas French Jr. also served in the Revolutionary War. Capt. He enlisted again in Jan or Feb 1776 under Capt. They used trees and other obstacles to cover themselves from British gunfire and pursuit by British soldiers, while the militia were firing and moving. Both sides claimed the other side shot first, thus placing blame on their enemy for the bloodshed that ensued. But if they mean to have a war let it begin here." Captain Parker Like many historical events, the fighting that occurred on Lexington Common in 1775 would be shrouded in its share of myths. The Sons of Liberty in Boston believed when British General, The Lexington militiamen that filed onto the Lexington Green the morning of April 19, 1775, were there as a show of force, to remind British authorities that the colonists were armed and ready to defend themselves. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Removed with his father to Gageborough (afterwards Windsor) He was 1st Lieutenant. The night after the battle, she filled a pillow case with provisions (mostly doughnuts made by herself) and placed it on Titus back and went with him to Winter Hill to which point most of the continental troops had retreated. Among the many items on display is the Tavern's old front door with a bullet hole from the 1775 Battle of Lexington. Thomas COLEMANsgrandsonDr. Isaac Spofford (1752 Rowley 1786Beverly, Mass.) According to town legend, the march to Cambridge was not only long but hot, and they stopped to quench their thirst at a tavern in the Billerica area, where they may have stayed for a few days. This was a major step for the colonies, as it now looked to create a regular standing army to oppose the British. David was an innkeeper, and a welltodo merchant in Hebron, but lost his fortune in the Revolution, when he held a wealth of continental currency, which became worthless. Dudley served as a lieutenant during the entire War of the Revolution, but is said to have failed to receive a pension by leaving the camp at White Plains previous to the formalities of a discharge, though his duties as a soldier were at an end. Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. The alarm that was raised on the evening of April 18, 1775, that British troops were marching on Concord reached Pepperell about 10 a.m. on April 19. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. He served until the War was over despite his age of being over 50 years old. They found that, "including the sick and absent, it amounted to about 17,000 men, far short of the number wanted, that the council recommended an immediate application to the New England governments to make up the deficiency", resolving to re-organize and increase the size of the militia:[6], As per the section below, the Massachusetts legislature was stymied by Governor Hutchinson from passing a bill so resisting legislators (Samuel Adams being among the leaders) set up Committees of Correspondence (in parallel with their comrades in Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island) that recommended to the militia to increase in size, reorganize, and form special companies of minutemen, who should be equipped and prepared to march at the shortest notice. British column moved on towards Concord, leaving the dead, wounded, and tours from leading...., 30 % of all militia were made into short-notice groups ( )... 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