Desertification usually happens in semi-arid areas that border deserts.Human activities are a primary cause of desertification. It has also spread into India. All rights reserved. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. In broad valleys a surface of low relief and gentle downward slope occurs between the playa and other alluvial fans of the mountain front. A desert tortoises thick shell insulates the animal and reduces water loss. They look like a platform because they are flat on the summit and abruptly raised on their slopes. Elephants, gazelles, rhinos, giraffes, and people used stream-fed pools and lakes.There were three or four other moist periods in the Sahara. Leeward slopes face away from prevailing winds.When moisture-laden air hits a mountain range, it is forced to rise. Abstract. 2 of 5 questions answered correctly. Winds at speeds of about 100 kilometers per hour (60 miles per hour) sweep through some deserts. Deserts are divided into these types according to the causes of their dryness.Subtropical DesertsSubtropical deserts are caused by the circulation patterns of air masses. which?] Relief and natural regions. All these geographical features are spread over India. Both Islam and Hinduism are practiced, and the population is divided into complex economic and social groups. About 85 per cent of Thar Desert is in India and the rest is in Pakistan. The Thar Desert spans an area of 175,000 square kilometers and covers large areas of Pakistan and India. Nanoclay is a substance sprayed on desert sands that acts as a binding agent. The resulting fences break the force of the wind at ground level, stopping dune movement by confining the sand within the squares of the grid.New technologies are also being developed to combat desertification. The Sukkur Barrage on the Indus River, completed in 1932, irrigates the southern Thar region in Pakistan by means of canals, and the Gang Canal carries water from the Sutlej River to the northwest. A thobe is a full-length, long-sleeved white robe. The soils consist of several main groupsdesert soils, red desertic soils, sierozems (brownish gray soils), the red and yellow soils of the foothills, the saline soils of the depressions, and the lithosols (shallow weathered soils) and regosols (soft loose soils) found in the hills. An abaya is a sleeveless cloak that protects the wearer from dust and heat. Here let's take a look at the physical map of India and the other primary physical geography of India. Deserts that seem desolate during the day are very active in the cool nighttime air. They include both shifting sandy soils and clayey floodplain soils. It is bordered by the irrigated Indus River plain to the west, the Punjab Plain to the north and northeast, the Aravalli Range to the southeast, and the Rann of Kachchh to the south. During January, the coldest month, the mean minimum temperature ranges between 41 and 50 F (5 and 10 C), and frost is frequent. But in cities, structures like buildings, roads, and parking lots hold on to daytime heat long after the sun sets. New York was built on wetland habitat, and Atlanta was built in a wooded area. The prevailing languages are Sindhi in the southwest, Lahnda in the northwest, and Rajasthani languagesespecially Marwariin central and eastern portions of the Thar. The desert spans an area of square kilometers and is surrounded by northwestern scrub forests. The animals do not store water in their humps, as people once believed. Many desert dwellers rely on groundwater, stored in aquifers below the surface. Groundwater comes from rain or other precipitation, like snow or hail. Trees and other vegetation are being planted to break the force of the wind and to hold the soil. Geologists call it 'The Great Indian Desert' because it is the biggest desert in the subcontinent. In the summer, hot winds called loos blow across the plains during the day. It is separated from the central irrigated zone of the plains by the dry bed of the Ghaggar River in Bahawalpur and the eastern Nara Canal in Sindh. . The Brandberg, loftiest summit in Namibia, looms as a granite island from Namib Desert flats, for example. Camels are commonly used for transport as well as for plowing the land and other agricultural purposes. Windstorms in the Sahara hurl so much material into the air that African dust sometimes crosses the Atlantic Ocean. A severe quake in 1931 was followed by an even more destructive one in 1935. There are green mountains and dry mountains, land rich for cultivating, and waterfalls. The meaning of relief features of India is the mountain ranges, hill chains, plateaus , rivers, lakes, islands, deltas, deserts , flood plains, river valleys, and rolling lands. TheCold Desertis a high-altitude desert located nearSkardu, inPakistans northernGilgit-Baltistanregion. Since the 1960s, Lake Chad has shrunk to half its size. The Thar Desert spans an area of 175,000 square kilometers and covers large areas of Pakistan and India. x\[.PdQM21y[)ly'\JmAb,[o/t -;$}}J.=z]~du]k>Ml^<}nRuxzyUVZ3Y+Vwuc%*!*)[uKK3]j.B\W[NJ<=JuOG`um\IY*Q7iuYp)?f?-]xC%hK 2Q,-$$WG}Hjy`FnfkP"Z]'xbY_K!1\4mqRM#$R-X;*mKn gqnj2\-$/~FJU4.VJjlRlw3Tqm1WU-_[^q],hy~XuvoXn5gIvgmZ\Nu=Y`,fl?n&|ZvqY+m6/){U_|si@[8ox`aXvQ-c{}SR\C6%j [k:zc6Cp##~ZRFZ%&J%F9'1=e(N: ftkh9Y/{$:;We#)VCfewhY5!Xzy2>2\ The city of Phoenix was built on top of the ruins of canals built by the Hohokam people between 500 and 1450 CE. The Western Mountains 3. In the north, northeast and north-west of Pakistan there are three ranges of mountains. Over time, the plateaus become very narrow because of the strong wind blowing and then they are called isolated hills. Kaffiyehs are secured around the head with a cord called an agal. The largest glacier is Engil'chek Glacier, which is about 60 kilometers (37 miles) long. Insects such as moths and flies are abundant in the desert. Gobi desert. That distinction belongs to Death Valley, in California's Mojave Desert. The Indo - Gangetic plain 3. More than 30 percent of the grasslands of Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia are faced with desertification.People often overuse natural resources to survive and profit in the short term, while neglecting long-term sustainability. In other cases, the plains are covered with snow. The Dead Sea has had flourishing spas since the time of King David.Air transportation and the development of air conditioning have made the sunny climate of deserts even more accessible and attractive to people from colder regions. The irrigation project, which facilitated the emergence of intensive cultivation despite semi-arid conditions, resulted in important social and political transformations. February 2023. The Salt Range contains the great mines of Mayo, Khewra Salt Mine, Warcha and Kalabagh, which yield vast supplies of salt. The Sindh . We gave money to the Namibian Covid-19 response . The soils are generally infertile and, because of severe wind erosion, are overblown with sand. Basins of Western Balochistan The resulting cooler, drier air mass moves away from the Equator. Precipitation amounts fluctuate widely from year to year. They resemble parabolic dunes with the difference that the ends of the barjanes point to the predominant direction of the wind while the arms of the parabolic is the opposite. In the submontane areas under subhumid conditions these soils are noncalcareous and have slightly higher organic content. Millions of people had to leave their farms and seek a living in other parts of the country.Desertification is an increasing problem. In general, the nomads are symbiotically related to the sedentary population and its economy. It has height up to of 4712 metres. Communities, governments, and organizations are working to preserve desert habitats and increase desert productivity. However, the very mode of soil formation gives rise to their diversification even within small areas. Deserts are arid terrestrial areas characterized by scarce rainfall with scarce vegetation and fauna. Over time, the Ghaggar changed course and now only flows during the rainy monsoon season. In fact, it gets covered with lush green vegetation during February and March as the local farmers use the desert land for the cultivation of green chickpeas. Corrections? The catchment area of the Indus is estimated at almost 1 million square kilometers, and all of Pakistan's major rivers (the Kabul River, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej) flow into it. Death Valley, the lowest and driest place in North America, is in the rain shadow of the Sierra Nevada mountains. This warming has effects beyond simply making hot deserts hotter. Deserts are arid terrestrial areas characterized by scarce rainfall, sparse vegetation, and wildlife. Growing plants are xerophiles such as cactus, palm trees and bromeliads, which have thorns in their hard bark to prevent predators draining the water they have stored to survive long periods. The amount of annual rainfall in the desert is generally low, ranging from about 4 inches (100 mm) or less in the west to about 20 inches (500 mm) in the east. Heavy rains . (ii) It is an undulating sandy plain covered with sand dunes. The Hohokam used the canals to irrigate their crops. Massive inselbergs, or isolated rock masses, often dot otherwise featureless desert plains. This spacing gives some desert regions a desolate appearance.In some deserts, plants have unique leaves to capture sunlight for photosynthesis, the process plants use to make food. These dams, along with a series of headworks and barrages built by the British and expanded since the independence of Pakistan in 1947, are of vital importance to the national economy and played an important role in calming the raging floodwaters of 1992, which devastated large areas in the northern highlands and the Punjab plains. The upper Indus Basin includes Punjab; the lower Indus Basin begins at the Panjnad River (the confluence of the eastern tributaries of the Indus) and extends south to the coast. The Sindh. TheThal Desertis located inBhakkar Districtof Pakistan between theIndusandJhelumrivers. The population density is very low due to the mountainous terrain and scarcity of water. Mountain soils are both residual (i.e., formed in a stationary position) and transported. In the north the mean annual precipitation at Peshawar is 13 inches (330 mm), and at Rawalpindi it reaches 37 inches (950 mm). Pakistan is an amazing country for tourism in every aspect. Follow @arabnews Related Desert plants grow far apart, allowing them to obtain as much water around them as possible. It has deserts, coastal areas, mountains, and plateaus. For example, increasing temperatures lead to the loss of nitrogen, an important nutrient, from the soil. The local people speak the Potwari language. You cannot download interactives. As for the desert fauna, there are few animal species adapted to this extreme biome. Rapidly expanding populations in California, Nevada, and Arizona have compounded the problem. Roads and railways are few. When patches of ground get very hot, the heated air above them begins to rise and spin. The Colorado River, for instance, flows through three deserts in the American Southwest: the Great Basin, the Sonoran, and the Mojave. Question 26. Educationist: Zeeshan Hussain (www.OAlevels.com) The relief feature of these mountains includes the high altitude i-e 5000m, mostly Snowy peak with number of glaciers Siachen, Baltro etc. This area is subject to frequent seismic disturbances because the tectonic plate under the Indian plate collides with the plate under Eurasia as it continues to move northward and to push the Himalayas ever higher. A kaffiyeh is a rectangular piece of cloth folded loosely around the head to protect the wearer from sun exposure, dust, and sand. It is located partly in Rajasthan state, northwestern India, and partly in Punjab and Sindh (Sind) provinces, eastern Pakistan. It is the world's 17th largest desert, and the world's 9th largest subtropical desert.About 85% of the Thar Desert is in India, and the remaining part in Pakistan. Throughout the Middle East, communities have dug artificial wadis, where freshwater can flow during rainy seasons. Dust storms and dust-raising winds, often blowing with velocities of 87 to 93 miles (140 to 150 km) per hour, are common in May and June. ;,GSL0X*G6]}?r?pp$a3,25(>sG}#vs]#Ih]6MY1BtlL3l5vaRtjmQ\ k/kE{Z27Vp-.yE(YJ>Ws{8#m0g7)N6U*=9e/|!M. Dromedary camels, native to the Arabian and Sahara deserts, can lose up to 30 percent of their body weight without harm. It is the largest desert of Pakistan and the only subtropical desert of Asia. It can be folded and unfolded to cover the mouth, nose, and eyes. However, as the season of harvest gets over, the roots of the crops die off, returning the desert to its actual state of naked emptiness. As a result, wind and water erode the nutrient-rich topsoil. Greens vehicle, the ThrustSSC, was the first car to break the sound barrier.Wind is the primary sculptor of a deserts hills of sand, called dunes. In India, it covers about 320,000 km2 (120,000 sq mi), of which 60% is in Rajasthan and extends into Gujarat , Punjab, an d Haryana. Drilling into aquifers provides water for drinking, agriculture, industry, and hygiene. Religious sites (churches, temples, etc.). May and June are the hottest months of the year, with temperatures rising to 122 F (50 C). The dunes are in continual motion and take on varying shapes and sizes. Tien Shan also has more than 10,100 square kilometers (3,900 square miles) of glaciers. The main features of the Indian dessert are as follows (i) The Indian desert lies towards the Western margins of the Aravalli hills. It is extensively farmed for wheat, rice sugarcane and Cotton. Where are the Aravali hills located? Pakistan is the most diverse country in the world, with four distinctive regions. It seeps into the ground, where it can remain for thousands of years.Underground water sometimes rises to the surface, forming springs or seeps. The Baluchistan Plateau 4. 1. "We mobilised close to half-a-billion Namibia dollars in just about three years. Zoom in to see major highways, railroads and airports. Precipitation throughout the country generally is erratic, and its volume is highly variable. Good aquifers have been detected in the central part of the desert. It has three further sub-parts: Tharparker, Naa and Cholistan. The water level in the aquifer has sunk as much as 30 meters (100 feet) since the 1950s, while the land above the aquifer has sunk as much as 10 centimeters (4 inches).Rivers sometimes provide water in a desert. They are bounded to the north-west by the Hindu Kush mountain range and to the north by the Karakoram. Irrigation will make most of the desert suitable for farming. Top 5 reasons to visit Pakistan. Question 1. In the rest of the country, temperatures reach great extremes in the summer; the mean temperature during June is 100 F (38 C) in the plains, where the highest temperatures can exceed 117 F (47 C). There are five deserts in Pakistan. Camels, nicknamed ships of the desert, are widely used for transportation, meat, and milk in the Maghreb (a region in Northwest Africa), the Middle East, and the Indian Subcontinent.People and the DesertAbout 1 billion people live in deserts. Today, people value desert resources and biodiversity. In the 1930s, parts of the Great Plains of North America became the Dust Bowl through a combination of drought and poor farming practices. They are artificial deposits of dry river beds that only fill with water in the rainy season and then dry again when the rainfall ends so they are not long lasting. The Indus Valley Desert is located in the northern area of Pakistan. Sand lizards, native to the deserts of Europe and Asia, are nicknamed dancing lizards because of the way they quickly lift one leg at a time off the hot desert sand. One railway line serves the southern part of the region. They have east to west in directionHimalayas, Karakoram. Apart from the sample questions given above, candidates can check Previous Year Question Papers with solution PDF to understand the type of questions asked in the general awareness section of these examinations. For example, the mountain ranges along the . Indian Relief Features The Great Himalayas The Himalayas are a group of geologically young and structurally fold mountains that extend past the northernmost limits of India. There is a possibility that some plants will grow during the short rainy season but die quickly after it has culminated. These polar deserts contain great quantities of water, but most of it is locked in glaciers and ice sheets year-round. With little vegetation to block it, the wind can carry sand and dust across entire continents and even oceans. Some deserts are mountainous. Mohenjo-daro is now a part of the vast Thar and Cholistan deserts.Most of Earths deserts will continue to undergo periods of climate change.Desert CharacteristicsHumiditywater vapor in the airis near zero in most deserts. Few organisms can withstand the freezing, dry climate of Antarctica.Changing DesertsThe regions that are deserts today were not always so dry. National Geographic Environment: Desert Landscapes. Important Deserts in the World PDF- Download PDF Here. Cholistan Desert 3. The 10 largest deserts in square kilometers of the planet are: Antarctic Desert (13,829,430) Arctic Desert (13,726,937) Sahara (9,065,253) Arabian Desert (2,300,000) Australian desert (1,371,000) Gobi Desert (1,300,000) Kalahari Desert (930,000) Patagonian Desert (670,000) Desert of Syria (409,000) Chihuahua Desert (362,600) Desert relief features WASHINGTON The majority conservative wing of the U.S. Supreme Court appear skeptical that the Biden administration has the authority to implement a federal student debt relief program that was Many desert cities, from the American Southwest to the Middle East, rely heavily on such aquifers to fill their water needs. This type of dune has more than two crests (usually 3 or 4) that resemble the arms of a star, which are united in a central point whose height can ascend to 90 meters (Araucania Geological Routes, 2017). Topography and Drainage. The desert cities of Jodhpur, Bikaner, and Jaisalmer are a must-visit for tourists. The Peninsular plateau 4. The descending air hinders the formation of clouds, so very little rain falls on the land below.The worlds largest hot desert, the Sahara, is a subtropical desert in northern Africa. Rural Israeli communities called kibbutzim rely on aquifers to furnish water for crops and even fish farming in the dry Negev Desert. The Indus 200000 Valley Desert lies between two major rivers in the region, the Chenab and the Indus. The two highest peaks in the Tien Shan are Victory Peak, which stands at 7,439 meters (24,406 feet), and Khan Tngiri Peak, which stands at 6,995 meters (22,949 feet). About 90 major, inhabited oases dot the Sahara. Answer: I. Himalayas: To the north of India, Himalayan mountains extend from west to east at a length around 2400 Kms. Plateau Mountains The desert extends over a length of 305km and has a width varying from 32km to as . About 85% of the Thar Desert is in India, and the remaining 15% is in Pakistan. Relief features of the Tharparkar desert Get the answers you need, now! The surface is made up of aeolian (wind-deposited) sand that has accumulated over 1.8 million years. These windbreaks anchor the soil and prevent sand from invading populated areas.In Chinas Tengger Desert, researchers have developed another way to control wandering dunes. Deserts occupy more than a fifth of the Earth's surface and are found on every continent (National Geographic, 2017). In some deserts, temperatures rise so high that people are at risk of dehydration and even death. People have adapted to life in the desert for thousands of years.One thing all deserts have in common is that they are arid, or dry. Sugar cane is a very water-intensive crop mostly harvested in tropical regions. Climatologists identify this period as the Green Sahara.Archaeological evidence of past settlements is abundant in the middle of what are arid, unproductive areas of the Sahara today. Daytime temperatures in the Chihuahua can climb beyond 37C (100F), while nighttime temperatures can dip below freezing (0C or 32F). The geography of India is constituted by these relief features. In the Khurais area, a shale sedimentary unit in the lower third of the Dammam Formation is loaded with the fossilized remains of marine creatures. They have a low organic content and are collectively known as the khaddar soils. Various geomorphic features supporting recent tectonic movements were deciphered from the various remotely sensed data. However, the very mode of soil formation gives rise to their diversification even within small areas. Some weather stations in the Atacama have never recorded a drop of rain.Rain Shadow DesertsRain shadow deserts exist near the leeward slopes of some mountain ranges. These shimmering waves confuse the eye, causing travelers to see distorted images called mirages.Temperature extremes are a characteristic of most deserts. Other subtropical deserts include the Kalahari Desert in southern Africa and the Tanami Desert in northern Australia.Coastal DesertsCold ocean currents contribute to the formation of coastal deserts. It is elongated and almost straight with abundant sand. Several playas (saline lake beds), locally known as dhands, are scattered throughout the region. Table of content 1 Suggested Videos Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The Nile provides the most reliable, plentiful source of freshwater in the region. The prevailing southwest monsoon winds that bring rain to much of the subcontinent in summer tend to bypass the Thar to the east. Pakistans continental type of climate is characterized by extreme variations of temperature, both seasonally and daily. The Indira Gandhi Canal irrigates a vast amount of land in the Indian portion of the Thar. It has a total area of 175,000 square kilometers that covers the major areas of Pakistan and India. Taking to his official Twitter handle, Sharif directed . It is believed that the Salt Range was founded by the horses of Alexander the Great's army.The average altitude of Potohar platue is 300m-600m. These cliff dwellings, sometimes dozens of meters off the ground, were constructed with thick, earthen walls that provided insulation. The environmental impact of dams was not considered when the structures were built. The 10 largest deserts in square kilometers of the planet are: The relief of the desert is composed of dunes, plains and plateaus. Out of these, the plains are the most abundant relief feature found in India. The Balochistan plateau is located in the south-west of Pakistan with altitudes mainly ranging from 600 to 3010 metres. Plains: The plains here are famous for their fertility and high agricultural production. Straw is poked partway into the sand, forming a pattern of small squares along the contours of the dunes. Pakistans soils are classified as pedocals, which comprise a dry soil group with high concentrations of calcium carbonate and a low content of organic matter; they are characteristic of a land with low and erratic precipitation. In M. Julivert. Along the coastal strip, the climate is modified by sea breezes. It form barrier on Pak-Afghan border. It means that the land of Pakistan is different in various regions from its type. Relief features are not any pattern of drainage where water channels are available. The Kharan Desert is located in Northeast Balochistan (a Pakistani state). The Muslim League and Mohammed Ali Jinnah, Political decline and bureaucratic ascendancy, The first administration of Benazir Bhutto, The second administration of Benazir Bhutto, The second administration of Nawaz Sharif, Continuing challenges: conflict, a stalled economy, and nuclear tests, Growing unrest, tension with the military, and Sharifs ouster, Relations with the United States, consolidation of Musharrafs rule, and meetings with India, U.S. drone strikes, floods of 2010, and religious tensions, Match the Country with Its Hemisphere Quiz. The most notable desert resource in the world is the massive oil reserves in the Arabian Desert of the Middle East. In stark contrast to its arid desert landscape, the desert is home Dodhla Forest, one of Pakistans most well-protected rainforest. It is the largest desert of Pakistan and the only subtropical desert of Asia. %PDF-1.3 Often associated with intense sun and sand, however, they can also be cold. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. All the rivers of Pakistan, i.e. The Thar Desert is located on the leeward side of Aravalis. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Sunny skies. Situated at an elevation of 2,226 meters (7,303 feet) above sea level, the Katpana Desert is one of the highest deserts in the world. In countries like Yemen, artificial wadis can carry enough water for whitewater rafting trips during certain times of the year.When deserts and water supplies cross state and national borders, people often fight over water rights. Tents can be rolled up and transported on pack animals (usually horses, donkeys, or camels). Sheep are bred for both medium-fine and rough wool. They provide nutritive pasturage as well as medicines used locally by the inhabitants. Interior DesertsInterior deserts, which are found in the heart of continents, exist because no moisture-laden winds reach them. Basins of Northern Balochistan South Africa is losing 300-400 million metric tons (330-441 short tons) of topsoil each year.Many countries are working to reduce the rates of desertification. Modern-day residents also rely on an extensive canal system to provide irrigation. The temperature stays high even at night, making the city an island of heat in the middle of the desert. A thunderstorm can send a fast-moving torrent of watera flash flooddown a dry arroyo. The Sulaiman Mountains dominate the northeast corner, and the Bolan Pass is a natural route into Afghanistan towards Kandahar. They are found along the Tropic of Cancer, between 15 and 30 degrees north of the Equator, or along the Tropic of Capricorn, between 15 and 30 degrees south of the Equator.Hot, moist air rises into the atmosphere near the Equator. The highest temperature on Earth was recorded there:56.7 C (134.1 F).The largest polar desert is Antarctica, at 13 million square kilometers (5 million square miles). What is the influence of the Himalayas on Indian Agriculture? People often use the adjectives hot, dry, and empty to describe deserts, but these words do not tell the whole story. Seven statesWyoming, Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Nevada, Arizona, and Californiarely on the river for some of their water supply.People often modify rivers to help distribute and store water in a desert. Although temperatures outside varied greatly from day to night, temperatures inside did not. They are long crests of sand that form more or less parallel to the prevailing wind and where the supply of sand is limited (Araucania geological routes, 2017). All those soils are predominantly coarse-textured, well-drained, and calcareous (calcium-bearing). Where water is available, farmers grow crops such as wheat and cotton. This is called the urban heat island effect. These developing countries use Lake Chads shallow waters for agriculture, industry, and hygiene. 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. At night, these areas cool quickly because they lack the insulation provided by humidity and clouds. The Thal Desert has an approximate area of 20000 km square. Sikeram is the highest peak. Punjab means the "land of five waters": the Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej rivers. It is the seventeenth largest desert on the planet and the third largest in Asia. The desert is in the center of a large empty basin. The name "Cholistan" is derived from the Turkish word "chol," meaning "desert," though the desert is locally known as Rohi. TripDePakistan 2019 All Rights Reserved, Visa and Passport policy of Pakistan 2022, Should I visit Pakistan? Deserts are areas that receive very little precipitation. Water for irrigation is transported from hundreds of kilometers away, or drilled from hundreds of meters underground.Oases in desert climates have been popular spots for tourists for centuries. Pakistan is primarily divided into six topographical areas. The dry, hot weather is broken occasionally by dust storms and thunderstorms that temporarily lower the temperature. Halfway there, an enormous sandstorm swallowed the entire group. Many nomads are engaged in animal husbandry, crafts, or trade. Thus there are three mountain ranges in northern Pakistan: Karakoram, Himalayas and Hindu Kush. % Tilla Jogian, second highest peak in Potwar These mountain ranges extend from west to east, from the Indus to the Brahmaputra.
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