Federalism increases the level of participation by individuals. The 1951 constitution gave more strength to regionalism with the creation of two chamber legislation in the northern and western Nigeria. 3. gives people easier access to political offices because they may begin seeking elected offices at the. So, our federalist form of government has several advantages, such as protecting us from tyranny, dispersing power, increasing citizen participation, and increasing effectiveness, and disadvantages, such as supposedly protecting slavery and segregation, increasing inequalities between states, states blocking national . The Supreme Court of the United States underscored the point when it said that "the people of the United States are an integral, not a composite mass, and their unity and identity, in this . In a unitary constitution which opposes federal principles, everything belongs to the central government; the federating unit does not exist, let alone agitating for resource control. The fear of marginalization by the minority in a unitary system of government has, to a great extent, influenced the majority state support for federating states. Between 1960 and 1996, the three regions have been divided into smaller entities which are now known as states and their boundaries were reorganised. Another advantage of federalism is that because our federal system creates two levels of government with the capacity to take action, failure to attain a desired policy goal at one level can be offset by successfully securing the support of elected representatives at another level. Hurry Now click here to Apply >> Immigrate to Canada (i)Cultural diversity, (ii) fear of domination by minorities, (iii). This normally causes disintegration and internal conflicts among different states (Dye, 114). Nigeria as a country occupies a large geographical area and what she has as singular states in Nigeria is the equivalent of the entirety of some other African countries. America wanted to control all the economic activities of the nation and raising the national government powers would enable them achieve it. It therefore appears that the basic goal of federalism in Nigeria is to promote the unity of the country while creating space for political autonomy of the different sections of Nigeria 20. It should be noted that the Federal Military Government had earlier by fiat taken proceeds from offshore prospecting and drilling activities directly under federal eminent domain. Each state shall give full credit and be faithful to judicial proceedings, public records and public actions of all other states. Here are just a few of the craziest laws you can find in the U.S. right now. Needs/Reasons For The Adoption Of Federalism In Nigeria /Length 14727 Federalism is costly as a lot of money is required to maintain the two governments. On the subject of policy innovation, Supreme Court Justice /BitsPerComponent 8 Presently, Nigeria has a strong center and a weak component. This process can create positive or negative results. V(B8eDK@sx AK hG~ u;6DV,pwP# _ O4C sR 8_yC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ They can formulate policies which might be detrimental to other regions. This is so because where federal principles apply, the various ethnic groups that cannot or dont form majority to produce large part may have the opportunity of governing themselves within their federating unit controlled by them. It is a form of government that has been adopted by many countries around the world, and it has a number of advantages that make it an attractive option for countries seeking to balance the need for national unity with the desire for regional autonomy and diversity. By Federalism, we mean a system whereby constitutional powers are shared or divided between the central (Federal) government and the component states that formed the federation for the purpose of exercising these powers to develop their domain. Thats not to say that all actions are a disadvantage. Knowing who is responsible for specific issues can make it difficult for any aid to make it to its intended destination. >> Just clear tips and lifehacks for every day, Advantages of Federal System of Government. 1. The constitution emphasized areas of authority between the central government and the regions. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Resource control: History of federal system of government in nigeria Do you know the reasons for federalism in Nigeria? When a government is closer to its citizens, then it can provide a responsive solution when there are citizen needs, emergency situations, or changes that are necessary in the structure of laws. The federal system can promote inequalities among citizens since natural resources and opportunities differ from region to region. Elected officials are closer to what a citizen is than a state official under this structure, which means people can visit a local office to express their opinions without a fear of judgment. Your privacy is extremely important to us. On the subject of policy innovation, Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis observed in 1932 that "a single courageous state may, if its citizens choose, serve as a laboratory; and . This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Your email address will not be published. 2019. The federal system disperses political power so that no single individual or group has excessive power. The powers that exist between the federal and state government also depends on the constitution. Federalism can be defined as a system of government in which political powers of the state are shared between the central government and other component units. Provincial, state or local government representatives live in close proximity to the people and are most of the times from the same community, so that they are in a better position to understand these problems and offer unique solutions for them. It means that the sovereign unit (Centre) and local units . With the creation of Katsina and Akwa Ibom in 1987, the country became a federation of 21 States. It is important to also reason that small states are prone to domination and sometimes control by the big ones. Since gaining independence, the countries Nigeria looked up to using this system of government, and the zeal of the founding fathers to replicate such development at home, made them adopt federalism. This regional arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the center among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. Insecurity and the desire for union are the main reasons for the shift from unitary system of government to federal system of government in 1954. Below are the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federal system of government: The major reason for the adoption of federal system of government in Nigeria is borne out of the historical experience that brought all the ethical groups together under one Nigeria. The structure of federalism encourages local communities to self-govern in the most efficient manner possible. As I have already explained, Nigeria is an amalgamation of three different regions with beliefs and customs. /Width 371 In Nigeria, it could be argued that our federal system of government is the creation of British colonialism. It contains thousands of paper examples on a wide variety of topics, all donated by helpful students. Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. The exact structures of each system can vary widely based on how the country sets up its governing process. When power is not centralized in a government, then there are fewer issues with individual corruption that can impact the entire nation. Because each community can create their own set of laws and rules in a system of federalism (especially in the United States), then the structure can create unwanted competition for resources that seeks to limit some demographics. Several positive and negative attributes of federalism have manifested themselves in the U.S. political system. This has nexus with the particular sharing formula adopted. In his judgment, Ogundare JSC agreed that the provisions to Sections 162(2) of the constitution re-stabilized the principle of derivation. Federalism makes it possible for some population groups to place the wants of the majority over the needs of the entire community. Nigeria as a result was divided into three provinces. Federalism in India. Also, there was a demand for more local regions by all these ethnic interest groups which was what led to the creation of new states. Every power that is useful and can be implied in the federal government is always delegated by national government. 3. While formulating policies, local needs, tastes and opinions are given due consideration by the state governments. In conclusion, federalism has both advantages and disadvantages. 5. As a Nigerian, it is important to understand some basic things about the system of governance in Nigeria and why it is so. On the subject of policy innovation, Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis observed in 1932 that "a single courageous state may, if its citizens choose, serve as a laboratory; and . Federalism as a system of government which is meant to help to advance good governance and development of a multi-ethnic and big country like Nigeria. Federalism creates a protection against tyranny. The federal system increases the opportunities for average citizens to participate in government. It can also make the state governments selfish and concerned only about their own regions progress. There was just the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate. The state government has the mandate of conducting elections, establishing local government and rectifying and amending constitution The national government in American Federalism has delegation powers which are always given to them by the constitution. 3. They will have to face legal charges for their actions in whichever state they are in. The local governments could distribute resources first instead of relying on the national government like the island because of the availability of local resources. (2019, November 23). The structure of this government can create inefficiencies in the system because the national government might not like the way the local officials choose to oversee their communities. This is to ensure that everyone feels a sense of belonging. New York: Pearson/PH, 2009. IvyPanda, 23 Nov. 2019, ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/. For the time being the focus rests on advantages. Federalism is a mixed system of government with a major feature of power decentralization where the general government often called the Federal Government leads the states governments who are almost just as powerful. On the contrary it has also been suggested that is created more diversity and conflict for the nation to grapple with. Many Nigerian ethnic groups began to agitate for their own states. In theory, Nigeria is a three-tier federation, with local, state, and federal levels designated by federal law. Hon. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Have you ever wondered why Nigeria is practicing a federal system of government and not any other system? Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. /Filter /DCTDecode Some choose to use a central system of government that regulates the entire country. So, without wasting much time, what is a federal system of government? Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. must. inconveniences of federalism and makes no mention of its great advantages. Even the masses in the rural areas of the country are allowed to participate in politics by electing their representatives into office. We may share your site usage data with our social media, advertising, and analytics partners for these reasons. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. Seen in its entirety, all stakeholders have to brace up their resolve for national rebirth as we all . May 7, 2015. The full explanation of Nigeria's federalism. It also offers opportunity to test the courage of selected leaders and to prove whether they are responsible. The local governments can decide to fight the existence of some specific national laws by going through the justice system of the country. ! Of course, with both pros and cons, fiscal federalism is a matter of study and debate for many economists. Matters, enumerated in the exclusive list are selected for the federal authority, while matters that fall within the concurrent list are selected for the federal government, and the regions. Read Also:Importance of the Nigeria Foreign Policy. The system causes government to have control of itself because of great rivalry of power between the state and the nation. 2. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Also see: Historical constitutional development in Nigeria explained. Description. The Nigerian federalism is a creation of the British. All variables measure of fiscal federalism had a positive relationship with per capita income excluding revenue allocated to the LGA's, that of mortality rate had a negative relationship with the variables . 1 What are the advantages of federalism in Nigeria? John Paden, George Mason University: Federalism in Nigeria. Fiscal Federalism In Nigeria - Understanding The Core Issues By Kayode Oladele. In the words of Richards, regionalism was introduced to strengthen unity in diversity. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. There are other political systems the country could have adopted but because of some reasons which I am going to share with you today, federalism seemed to be the best idea. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. << Your email address will not be published. It is also promotes regional inequalities. Other forms of government do not offer such an opportunity. Advantages of federalism. This resulted in the loss of many lives. Hence, earnings and wealth are unevenly distributed. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mpC_7fPE3-A. For example, when typhoon Katrina hit Greater New Orleans, USA, in 2005, there was delay in the rescue work as there was confusion between the state governments and the federal government on who is responsible for which disaster management work. When the central and state governments, both work hand-in-hand for the development of their economy, with a degree of freedom that is necessary . What are the advantages of federalism in Nigeria? States also engage in economic competition which causes economic warfare amongst them. So majority if not all of them were in favor of a federalist system of governance. 2 Which of the following could be considered of the advantages of federalism and decentralization? $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. The central government can concentrate more on international affairs and defense of the country while the provincial government can cater to the local needs. Importance of Federalism in Nigeria are listed and explicated herein. Federalism allows the government to become more responsive to individual needs. What is causing the plague in Thebes and how can it be fixed? /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB Examples of countries that practice federalism with a rigid constitution are; Nigeria, US etc. States shall make agreement on how to deal with common problems that they face. 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